Which of the following is NOT an element of robbery?

In the context of robbery, the key elements typically include:

1. Taking of property – this involves physically moving someone else’s property.

2. Intent to deprive – the perpetrator must have the intention of permanently depriving the owner of that property.

3. Use or threat of force – this element often includes using violence or fear to facilitate the theft, hence duress.

The correct answer focuses on the element that is not required in the definition of robbery: the defendant being known to the victim. Whether or not the victim is familiar with the defendant does not impact the legal definition of robbery. Robbery can occur with a stranger just as easily as it can with a known individual. This aspect does not affect the legal interpretation of the crime and therefore is not considered an element of robbery.